Essay on Body On A Chip

Essay on Body On A Chip Essay on Body On A Chip Martinez, Leslie Provenzano, Maureen Read 290 Sec February 26, 2014 Body Parts on a Chip Video Link: http://new.ted.com/talks/geraldine_hamilton_body_parts_on_a_chip Article Link: bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24125678 Do you ever stop to think about if the drugs one takes are tested accurate? Currently developing new drugs is costly, takes too long and fails more often than it succeeds. This means that patients who badly need therapy are not receiving it and diseases are going untreated. The tools that are being used to test if the drugs are going to work are not working properly. The tools used to test drugs are cell infusions and animal testing. The problem with cell infusions is that the cell is being taken away from its habitat and response differently. Animal testing as well fails to predict how the drug will response to the human body. According to BBC the "body on a chip" project replicates human cells to print structures which mimic the functions of the heart, liver, lung and blood vessels. The organs are then placed on a microchip and connected with a blood substitute, allowing scientists to closely monitor specific treatments (BBC). Therefore, an organ on chip will not only provided accu rate results but can help save future lives. An organic on chip is of the newest innovations that can help society succeed. According to the video Body on a chip the tools used today to provide drug aren’t accurate. Human cells today are taken away from their natural environment, in which case don’t response naturally to the drug. The organ on a chip will create a home away from home for the cell. This will provide numerous of advancements for our society. Sensors which are measure real-time temperature, oxygen levels, pH and other factors feed back information on how the organs react and - crucially - how they interact with each other (BBC). This according to the video creates new technology for our society and safer for many patients. According to the video this will prevent and highly improve patients with all kinds of diseases. According to BBC the blood substitute keeps the cells alive and can be used to introduce chemical or biologic agents, as well as potential therapies, into the system. Our society can then not only improve but discover new ways to stop diseases from spreading to even stopping them before they happen. An organ on a chip will affect many different groups in our society including children, women, elderly, pharmaceutical and

Definition and Examples of Juxtaposition in Art

Definition and Examples of Juxtaposition in Art In the  composition  of any artwork, juxtaposition is the placing of elements side by side, leaving it up to the reader to establish connections and discover or  impose a meaning. These elements (words, clauses, or sentences, in written composition) may be drawn from different sources and juxtaposed to form a literary collage. Careful planning and craft  by the writer in choosing what elements to juxtapose can provide layers of meaning, present irony, or paint a scene with a lot of detail and depth, putting the reader right in the middle of it all. Example From H.L. Mencken Watchmen at lonely railroad crossings in Iowa, hoping that theyll be able to get off to hear the United Brethren evangelist preach...Ticket-sellers in the subway, breathing sweat in its gaseous form...Farmers plowing sterile fields behind sad meditative horses, both suffering from the bites of insects...Grocery-clerks trying to make assignations with soapy servant girls...Women confined for the ninth or tenth time, wondering helplessly what it is all about.(H.L. Mencken, Diligence. A Mencken Chrestomathy, 1949) Example From Samuel Beckett We live and learn, that was a true saying. Also, his teeth and jaws had been in heaven, splinters of vanquished toast spraying forth at each gnash. It was like eating glass. His mouth burned and ached with the exploit. Then the food had been further spiced up by the intelligence, transmitted in a low tragic voice across the counter by Oliver the improver, that the Malahide murderer’s petition for mercy, signed by half the land, having been rejected, the man must swing at dawn in Mountjoy and nothing could save him. Ellis the hangman was even now on his way. Belacqua, tearing at the sandwich and swilling the precious stout, pondered on McCabe in his cell.(Samuel Beckett, Dante and the Lobster. Samuel Beckett: Poems, Short Fiction, and Criticism, ed. by Paul Auster. Grove Press, 2006) Ironic Juxtaposition Juxtaposition is not just for comparison of the similar but also to contrast the dissimilar, which can be effective for emphasizing a writers message or illustrating a concept. Ironic juxtaposition is the fancy term for what happens when two disparate things are placed side by side, each commenting on the other...Olivia Judson, a science writer, uses this technique to tweak our interest in what could be a stultifying subject, the female green spoon worm: The green spoon worm has one of the most extreme size differences known to exist between male and female, the male being 200,000 times smaller than his mate. Her lifespan is a couple of years. His is only a couple of months- and he spends his short life inside her reproductive tract, regurgitating sperm through his mouth to fertilize her eggs. More ignominious still, when he was first discovered, he was thought to be a nasty parasitic infestation.(from Seed magazine) The authors point of view is a sly wink, the humiliation of the minuscule male sea creature serving as an emblem for his crude and increasingly miniaturized human counterpart. The juxtaposition is between worm sex and human sex. (Roy Peter Clark, Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer. Little, Brown and Company, 2006) Haiku Of course, the technique is not limited to prose. Poetry can make fine use of it, even in the smallest of works, to present images next to each other to illustrate, portray  meaning, or even surprise or puzzle the reader, such as in  17th- and 18th-century Japanese haiku: Haiku 1Harvest moon:On the bamboo matPine tree shadows.Haiku 2Wooden gate.Lock firmly bolted:Winter moon. ...In each case, there is only an implicit connection between the elements on either side of the colon. Although it is possible to see a causal relation between a harvest moon and pine tree shadows, the lack of explicit connections forces the reader to make an imaginative leap. The connection between a locked wooden gate and a winter moon demands an even greater imaginative effort. In each poem, there is a basic juxtaposition between a natural image and a human one- a harvest moon and a bamboo mat, a bolted gate and a winter moon- which creates a tension between the first and second part.(Martin Montgomery et al., Ways of Reading: Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2000) Juxtaposition in Art, Video, and Music But juxtaposition isnt confined  to literature. It can be in paintings, such as in surrealists or other abstract artists works: The Surrealist tradition...is united by the idea of destroying conventional meanings, and creating new meanings or counter-meanings through radical juxtaposition (the collage principle). Beauty, in the words of Lautrà ©amont, is the fortuitous encounter of a sewing machine and an umbrella on a dissecting table....The Surrealist sensibility aims to shock, through its techniques of radical juxtaposition. (Susan Sontag, Happenings: An Art of Radical Juxtaposition. Against Interpretation, and Other Essays. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1966) It can appear in pop culture, such as in films and video: Pressed to its limits, artistic  juxtaposition  becomes  what is sometimes termed  pastiche. The goal of this tactic, which has been employed in both high-culture and pop-culture contexts (e.g., MTV videos), is to barrage the viewer with incongruous, even clashing images that call into question any sense of objective meaning. (Stanley James Grenz, A Primer on Postmodernism. Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1996) And juxtaposition  can be a part of music as well:  Another model for such work, and related to hypertext because of its ability to interconnect a wide variety of ideas and texts, are the DJ samples that comprise a great deal of hip-hop. (Jeff R. Rice, The Rhetoric of Cool: Composition Studies and New Media. Southern Illinois University Press, 2007)